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How Central Vacuums Clean Up 

The best thing about central vacuum systems is that they don't require you to carry a heavy unit from room to room or up and down the stairs. Central vacuum systems are designed to remove all the dirt and debris from your house and send it through tubing located in the walls to a receptacle in an out-of-the-way location like a garage or basement. With central vacuums, you only carry a lightweight hose and power brush unit around the house. The power unit is permanent and out of the way and virtually dust free when vented outside.

 

With a central vacuum system, you place inlets around your home at convenient locations. Instead of plugging a portable vacuum into pre-determined electrical outlets and hoping the cord reaches around your home, you can move the central vacuum hose from inlet to inlet. Where you put the inlets is up to you. You can even install an automatic dustpan that lets you quickly sweep debris into a wall vent using a regular broom.

 

If you decide to have a central vacuum system installed in your house, there are several things that will happen.

 

First, you situate a central power unit in an out-of-the-way area such as the basement, garage or utility room. Then, you install wall inlet valves in various locations throughout the house. The valves are connected to the power unit through tubing. The tubing can be run through the attic, basement or cold air returns in the house.

 

In other words, the tubing that carries the dirt you vacuum is behind your walls. You don't have to see the dirt until you have to empty the receptacle. Once you have chosen the location for the power unit/receptacle, you need to decide where you want your wall inlets. These inlets are where you will plug in the "power brush" or unit that you will be using to clean your home. How many inlets you want in your home is based on your own needs. For example, inlets can be based on the number of square feet. There is usually one inlet for every 600 square feet of a home. If you have more than one story in your home, you will need at least one inlet per story.  The inlets should be placed in way that you get the maximum cleaning radius from your hose. If you decide on professional installation, the installer can help you determine the best inlet placement.

After installation, the system is used by plugging the lightweight hose and power brush unit into a wall inlet. The power button is located on the handle on most systems, so it is totally controlled by you. In other words, you don't have to go to the power unit and turn the system on. You simply put the hose unit in the inlet and begin vacuuming. The system then carries the dirt, dust and debris out of the room, through the in-wall tubing, to the main power unit, where it is deposited in a canister or bag. Central vacuum bags and canisters only need to be emptied an average of once every month.

 

Types of Systems

 

As central vacuum systems have become more popular, options have become more plentiful, with a wide variety of manufacturers and models on the market. There are two main product decisions you will make in the purchase of your central vacuum system: the power unit and the power brush.

The two main types of central vacuum systems are cyclonic and filtered.  The type of system plays a major role in the efficiency and longevity of your central vacuum unit. Whenever you have an appliance (like a vacuum) that collects dirt, some sort of filtration system is needed clean out the debris. What makes a system good is its ability to minimize the debris, while maximizing airflow for vacuum power. The build-up of dirt in the bag or filter over time can be a contributing factor to the eventual breakdown of the machine. You will want to clean the system according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Filtered systems can use a variety of filters such as screen, cloth, foam or paper to clean the air taken in by the vacuum. In any filtered system, filters need to be cleaned and replaced. A cyclonic system uses centrifugal, tornado-like force and gravity to separate the impurities from the air being taken in by the vacuum, (like your washing machine on the spin cycle) and typically deposits the dirt into a canister (although some systems may use a bag).

For the power unit, there are two main things you should consider:

  • How much power do you need?
  • Size of home?
  • Kind of flooring or carpeting?
  • Do you want a bag or canister unit?

 

Homes of less than 5,000 square feet (465 square meters) require a power unit of 15 amps or less. If you have a larger home, you'll need a more powerful unit.

The other decision you need to make is whether you would like a bag or canister unit. When you go to empty the dirt receptacle, it will be either a plastic canister or a replaceable bag. Both systems are efficient -- it is simply a personal decision. Would you rather dump and clean the canister or toss a replaceable bag into the garbage? Either way, chances are you will be disposing of debris a lot less often than with traditional portable vacuums.

Finally, for the power brush unit, you can decide between an electrical power brush or an air-driven power brush. This is the part of the vacuum that actually will be cleaning the house. The type of power unit you choose probably will depend on personal preference. For instance, air-driven (turbine) systems may cost less but can be less efficient. The fun part is choosing the vacuum accessories, such as automatic dustpans and upholstery attachments.

 

Central vs. Portable Vacuums


As the technology of portable vacuums has evolved, they have in turn become more expensive. As the difference in price between central vacuum systems and portable vacuums has lessened, central vacuum systems have become a more practical and cost-effective solution to cleaning your home. There are several benefits to central vacuum systems:

  • Healthier Air - Central vacuum systems eliminate the re-circulation of dirty air inside your living area because the dust and debris is carried through the walls to an out-of-the-way receptacle.
  • Power - Central vacuums have three to five times more power than traditional vacuums. Because the power unit is not meant to be portable, it can contain a more powerful motor than traditional vacuums.
  • Convenience - Central vacuums eliminate the need to carry a heavy unit from room to room or up and down the stairs. There are no cords to trip over, and your power brush can be inserted right into the wall inlet locations that you choose, instead of into pre-determined electrical outlets.
  • Home Value - Investing in any permanent appliance in your home should help increase the value when you decide to sell. Central vacuums can be installed in existing homes or in homes that are under construction.
  • Noise - Generally, central vacuum systems are quieter than traditional vacuums. Remember that the power unit is located elsewhere (garage, basement, etc.), so the noise will probably be insulated.
  • Versatility - Central vacuums offer the same range of attachments and accessories that portable vacuums offer.

 

Central Vacuum Terms

Amps - This is the electrical current draw of the motor, the electricity required to operate the vacuum motor.

Bag - This is a collection device for dust/dirt/debris used by some vacuum cleaning manufacturers.

CFM (Cubic feet of air per minute) - This is the maximum amount of airflow when the vacuum is operating. Debris can only be pulled into a vacuum if there is sufficient air being circulated.

Cyclonic action - This is the natural action found in a tornado. In a vacuum, the air carrying the dirt swirls in downward, in a cone-shaped pattern, like a tornado, and the majority of the debris is separated from the air stream as the air reaches the bottom of the swirl.

Fan - This is the combination of blades that spin to create the airflow, producing the vacuuming action.

Maximum air watts - This is the air power delivered to the power unit, recognized by the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) as the best way to measure the actual cleaning power of a vacuum system. Manufacturers can provide maximum air wattage statistics for each vacuum system.

 

 

Maintenance and Installation - CAN I DO IT MYSELF?

 

One of the most common questions when it comes to central vacuum systems is: Can I do-it-myself? The answer is yes. But these systems must be installed within the walls of your home, and that does imply a moderate degree of difficulty. The vacuum God says measure three times, cut and glue once. The type of glue you are using is PVC and it is permanent.

If you want to ensure the proper installation, it is probably best to have the professionals do it. But if you feel really confident about your skills, many central vacuum manufacturers offer complete instructions and videos to help you with your installation. It's certainly possible to install the system yourself, but it's not a simple undertaking.

Central vacuum systems require little in the way of maintenance. Mainly, you must be diligent about emptying the dirt canister or replacing the bags. Also, you need to keep current on changing the filters. Remember, part of the benefit of central vacuuming is cleaner air, and you need a clean filter to obtain this benefit.  It is a good a idea to have it serviced every five years. It is like having an oil change done on your car. A little maintenance can increase its life span. 

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